A Buffer Overflow is a software vulnerability or programming error that occurs when a program or process attempts to write data beyond the boundaries of a fixed-size memory buffer, causing the excess data to overwrite adjacent memory locations or data structures. Buffer overflows can lead to memory corruption, system crashes, unintended behavior, or security vulnerabilities, such as code execution, privilege escalation, or denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Buffer overflow exploits are commonly used by attackers to inject and execute arbitrary code, bypass security controls, or gain unauthorized access to systems or sensitive data.
